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question:manipulating the independent variable by varying the type on the independent variable that is presented to the different comparison groups is known as _____. 1. amount technique 2. absence technique 3. type technique 4. presence technique
answer:The correct answer is 3. type technique. Manipulating the independent variable by varying the type of independent variable that is presented to different comparison groups is known as the type technique.
question:a researcher is interested in the effects of a preschool program on later school performance. because she is concerned that socio-economic-status (ses) is a potential extraneous variable in her study, she picks children to study who are only from low ses homes. the control technique she used in this study was: 1. matching 2. random assignment 3. holding the extraneous variable constant 4. statistically controlling the extraneous variable
answer:The control technique used in this study is 1. matching. Matching is a technique where the researcher selects participants from different groups who are similar in certain characteristics that could potentially be extraneous variables. In this case, the researcher chose children from low SES homes to ensure that SES is similar among the participants. This helps control for the potential influence of SES on the outcome variable (later school performance).
question:analysis of covariance is: 1. a statistical technique that can be used to help equate groups on specific variables 2. a statistical technique that can be used to control sequencing effects 3. a statistical technique that substitutes for random assignment to groups 4. adjusts scores on the independent variable to control for extraneous variables
answer:4. Adjusts scores on the independent variable to control for extraneous variables. Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) is a statistical technique that adjusts or "covaries" the scores on the independent variable based on the values of one or more extraneous variables. It allows the researcher to examine the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable while controlling for the influence of extraneous variables. ANCOVA is used to statistically control for potential confounding factors in order to obtain a more accurate understanding of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.
question:a sequencing effect that occurs when performance in one treatment condition is influenced by participation in a prior treatment condition is known as ____. 1. counterbalancing effect 2. carryover effect 3. treatment effect 4. order effect
answer:2. Carryover effect. A carryover effect is a sequencing effect that occurs when the performance or response in one treatment condition is influenced by the previous participation in a different treatment condition. This effect violates the assumption of independence between treatments or conditions and can lead to biased results. Carryover effects are usually seen in within-subjects experimental designs, where participants experience multiple treatment conditions in a specific sequence.